Handout+5+-+The+Principles

THE PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTION
MAYER'S TRIARCHIC MODEL OF COGNITIVE LOAD MULTIMEDIA THEORY AND INSTRUCTIONAL PRINCIPLES ==I. EXTRANEOUS COGNITIVE PROCESSING == ===// A. TEMPORAL CONTIGUITY = People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively. // === ===// B. REDUNDANCY = People learn better from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration, and printed text. // === ===// C. COHERENCE = People learn better when irrelevant words, pictures, sounds and music are excluded from multimedia presentations. // === ===// D. SPATIAL CONTIGUITY = People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen. // === ===// E. SIGNALING = People learn better when cues that highlight the organization of the essential material are added. // ===

==II. ESSENTIAL COGNITIVE PROCESSING == ===// A. SEGMENTING = People learn better when a multimedia message is presented in user-paced segments rather than as a continuous unit. // === ===// B. PRE-TRAINING = People learn more deeply from a multimedia message when they know the names and characteristics of the main concepts. // === ===// C. MODALITY = People learn more deeply from pictures and spoken words than from pictures and printed words. // ===

==III. GENERATIVE COGNITIVE PROCESSING == ===// A. MULTIMEDIA = People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. // === === B. IMAGE = People do not necessarily learn more deeply from a multimedia presentation when the speaker's image is on the screen rather than not on the screen. === ===<span style="display: block; line-height: 115%; margin: auto 0in auto 58pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-indent: -0.25in;">// C. PERSONALIZATION = People learn better from multimedia presentations when words are in conversational style rather than formal style. // === ===<span style="display: block; line-height: 115%; margin: auto 0in auto 58pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-indent: -0.25in;">// D. VOICE = People learn more deeply when the words in a multimedia message are spoken by a friendly human voice rather than by a machine voice. // ===

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